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By Alfred Adebare The Wikipedia Encyclopedia describes open source as practices in production and development that promote access to the end product’s sources. Before the label open source was coined, developers and producers used a variety of phrases to describe the concept. In fact, earlier researchers used a process which is similar to open standards to develop telecommunication network protocols. Characterized by contemporary open source work, this collaborative process led to the birth of the Internet in 1969. Its application to software gained popularity with the emergence of the Internet. It is said that the open source label came out of a strategy session held at Palo Alto, California, in reaction to Netscapes announcement that it planned to release the source code for its browser Navigator. The politically correct version is that to clarify a potential confusion caused by the ambiguity of the word free, so that the perception of free software is not anti-commercial, the label open source (contributed by Chris Peterson) stuck. The official version is that it was to shed the confrontational attitude that had been associated with free software in the past and sell the idea on pragmatic, business case grounds to the commercial world. Whatever it may be, Netscape listened and released their code as open source under the name of Mozilla. That was the beginning of the contemporary open source movement, whose main champion today allegedly is the Open Source Initiative (OSI) which makes and continues to make a case for the open source software to the commercial world. Consequently, we have seen the application of the open source philosophy in other fields inlcuding biotechnology. Linus Torvalds, a finnish software engineer who initiated the development of the Linux kernel went as far as saying “the future is open source everything”. According to the OSI, the case for open source software is simple free access to read, redistribute and modify the source code of a piece of software results in a rapid evolutionary process that produces better software. Advocates of open source argue that when programmers can read, redistribute, and modify the source code for a piece of software, the software evolves. People improve it, people adapt it, people fix bugs. And this can happen at a speed that, if one is used to the slow pace of conventional software development, seems astonishing. However, evangelists of free software have been at pains to clarify that open source software is not synonymous with free software. The philosophy of the open source movement is based on practicality and not ethical considerations while free software is based on freedom, not price. Borrowing from Richard M. Stallman, free software and open source describe the same category of software, more or less, but say different things about the software, and about values. While the two are not synonymous, both have a common enemy proprietary software. Critics of open source say that open source fosters an ambiguity of a different kind, in that it confuses the mere availability of the source code with the freedom to use, modify, and redistribute it. But open source doesn’t just mean access to the source code; the use of open-source software must comply with a number of criteria including as to re-distribution, depending on the license under which it is distributed. Different licenses require different criteria. For instance, under the GNU General Public License (GPL) published by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for licensing free software, any work based on the program or any other derivative work must be licensed as a whole at no charge at all to all third parties under the terms of the GNU GPL, whereas an Apache License does not require derivative works to be open source. You can add your own copyright statement to modifications of a source code under Apache License and provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of your modifications, or for any derivative works as a whole, provided your use, reproduction, and distribution of the work otherwise complies with conditions of the Apache License. Similarly, there is no requirement that any derivative work created under an Academic Free License (AFL) or a Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) License, should be distributed at all, or for free if distributed. Further, any derivative work need not be free and one can charge for it as you would for proprietary software. The subtle licensing criteria between open source generally and free software is further highlighted when you consider that some licenses are not compatible. For instance, programs/source code distributed under PHP License is not compatible with GNU GPL since GNU GPL is a copyleft license. Which raises a couple of licensing issues: (1) Why are there different criteria under different licenses for open source software? Presently, there are about 54 licenses certified by OSI as open source a tribute to OSIs philosophy which many now see as an unnecessary proliferation of licenses, an issue that forced OSI to admit that - OSI’s approach on the development and distribution problems involved building as many different bridges as possible between developers and the corporate world. In doing this, we accepted a proliferation of new licenses. This is a problem in that although physical bridges between communities don’t interfere with each other, licenses do. Interference between different open-source licenses is now perceived as a sufficiently serious problem that OSI has become as a victim of its own earlier success. To address the issue of proliferation, OSI plans to take all existing OSI approved licenses and group them into three tiers: (i) preferred, (ii) recommended but not preferred, and (iii) not recommended. This is likely to create more confusion. One would then ask why an OSI certified license would be OSI not recommended license. Would a not recommended tag not be deemed as de-approval (though OSI says its not). It would be preferable not to have certified such license as OSI approved in the first place. (2) Why are some licenses not compatible with others? We may well appreciate that compatibility goes beyond the issue of license proliferation. For example, the FSF considers all versions of the Apache License incompatible with Version 2 of the GNU GPL. About version 2.0 of the Apache License, they say: “The Apache Software License is incompatible with the GPL because it has a specific requirement that is not in the GPL: it has certain patent termination cases that the GPL does not require. (We don’t think those patent termination cases are inherently a bad idea, but nonetheless they are incompatible with the GNU GPL.)” Apache Software Foundation (ASF), which publishes the Apache License, has adequately replied to FSFs statement, stating that ASF does not share the same goals as FSF. For the time being, the controversy rages on. Compatibility is really a relationship issue; free software movement and the open source movement can be likened to two political camps within the free software community. While it can be argued that GNU GPL is not compatible with a number of licenses because the philosophy behind GNU GPL is freedom which proponents of free software have cried themselves hoarse from the rooftops for decades now GNU GPL itself publishes a list of free/open source software licenses that are GPL incompatible, distinguishing between non-copyleft and not strong copyleft. Even, copyleft licenses like xinetd have also not been spared and was held incompatible because it places extra restrictions on redistribution of modified versions that contradict the redistribution requirements in the GPL. Dont they share the same goals? Yet the free software movement has complained that to be lumped together with open source software is restrictive for free software since open source software allegedly has a much weaker criterion than free software. Then one may ask, what is the criteria for determining compatibility with GNU GPL even for copyleft free software licenses? At least FSF is not intending to classify licenses in the same manner as OSI for now. (3) Dont some of these licenses support a one way street attitude described by John Udell in the Open Source Citizenship where developers are encouraged to take and not give back to the community. Or it could be akin to the situation described by Stallman where commercial developers invited to the Open Source Developers Day meeting in August 1998 said they intend to make only a part of their work free software (or open source) since the focus of their business is on developing proprietary add-ons (software or manuals) to sell to the users of the free software. According to Stallman, those developers requested that this should be regarded as legitimate, as part of the community, because some of the money is donated to free software development. Whichever way you look at it, it is a dangerous trend for the future of open source software. The ideals and philosophy of open source is threatened by the marriage of convenience of open source with the commercial world, which makes a strong case for the traditional free software movement. It is, perhaps, taking the adage making a case to the commercial world too far. Eventually, there may such a blend of both the open source movement and the commercial world that we are not able to distinguish between the two. The enemy would have sneaked in unawares and made sport of all ideals and philosophies of the open source movement. These are all valid concerns that the open source community needs to address. In closing I have a word of advise for the open source movement from my grandmother which I find appropriate If you dont know where youre going, remember where youre coming from. Sources 1. Wikipedia Encyclopedia 2. Open Source Initiative 3. The Free Software Foundation 4. The Apache Software Foundation 5. Richard M. Stallman in Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution 6. John Udell Open Source Citizenship. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Alfred_Adebare http://EzineArticles.com/?Open-Source-Software—Licensing-Issues-or-Not&id=332611 md bad credit lender christmas payday loan christmas guaranteed no fax payday loan bad credit loan mortgage

By Gijo George Elephants carved from pure Rosewood are rich in beauty and elegance. Only experienced and talented craftsmen could make this craft, as it takes lot of time, effort and attention on the part of Craftsman. A single deviation on the part of Craftsman will result in a bad product. First step in making a Rosewood Elephant is identifying the right wood for making it. It depends on the size of the Elephant. Once the wood is selected, craftsman starts chiseling the unwanted portion of the wood till it reaches that stage where the wood will somewhat looks like an Elephant. Then the master Craftsman steps in and starts the finishing work. This stage is very important as the final output purely depends on the Master Craftsman’s talent, planning and visualization. Once the product is finished, it is polished and dried. No machines are employed throughout these processes. These Elephants are made in different sizes and in different posses. Some of them with Trunks-up, Trunks-down, fighting each other, Mother elephant with child elephant etc.. Kerala’s Craftsmen are renowned for making Rosewood Elephants. These Elephants are admired by foreign tourists to Kerala who buy number of them to give them as gifts when they return to their homeland. Visit www.woodcurio.com to browse different Rosewood products from Kerala. Gijo George Gijo George http://www.giftsspace.com Giftsspace.com for Crafts around the World Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Gijo_George http://EzineArticles.com/?Making-of-a-Rosewood-Elephant&id=285645 a child is not a paycheck corpus christi bad credit used car loan no credit check apartment in anne arundel county gaurenteed money to pay off nursing student loans

By Peter Breslin A wedding consists of basically four elements: gathering, ritual, vows, and celebration. The traditional wedding ceremony derives from a combination of ancient cultural practices and church liturgy. Marriage itself has a less-than-romantic history in much of the world until more recent times. The union of bride and groom inspired by friendship, love and devotion is a concept that only began to form about 500 years ago in Western cultures. Even then, marriages of choice that followed a lengthy courtship were a luxury of the aristocracy. Marriage was usually a purely social and political contract, controlled in every way by church, state, and extended family. Within this deeply conservative framework, women in particular had very little leeway, and no economic or political power. Historically, women were considered property of their husband. In traditional marriages even today, women vow to obey their husbands. In England and America, for example, until even as recently as a century ago, if a womans husband were to die, she was left entirely dependent on her husbands family, who took ownership of all of her own family assets. While some couples find their greatest support following traditional marriage ceremonies, an increasing number of couples are designing unique and personally meaningful weddings that reflect a more innovative spirit. Sometimes these thoughtfully designed ceremonies simply alter certain aspects of more traditional weddings while others break the mold entirely. For example, it was common until recently for the brides family to pick up the tab for the wedding. Many couples today share the planning and expenses of the wedding and even draw equally from their respective traditions. Ceremonies involving combined liturgy, or, for example, both a priest and a rabbi, are common. Fifty years ago, this combination would have been taboo among most people. The gathering of witnesses is from ones community, but what if ones community is outside of any traditional church, synagogue or mosque? Some couples have chosen to create beautiful ceremonies that go farther back in time, to the goddess and earth religions that predate the patriarchy altogether. Ceremonies held at sacred sites, scheduled according to the lunar calendar, and incorporating a respect for the powers of nature, sometimes conducted by modern-day shamans or priestesses, have become more common. These ceremonies can be legally officiated by ministers who are not affiliated with a particular denomination, or who are broadly ecumenical in their own spiritual practice. Uniquely individualized approaches can be incorporated by writing original vows, which reflect ones deepest sentiments. Much careful reflection often goes into the composition of vows that best reflect the deep contractual commitment the bride and groom are making. Sometimes, couples who desire an innovative wedding get married legally by a local magistrate at the county courthouse, and then hold a more alternative ceremony among family and friends. The Green Wedding movement is an interesting cultural phenomenon that has been gaining increasing momentum. Careful planning goes into every aspect of a Green Wedding ceremony to ensure that environmental and social justice is upheld. Catering for the reception features locally-grown and organic food. The typical gift registry is partially or entirely replaced by a list of non-profit environmental, community, and political organizations to which the bride and groom request a donation as their gift. Many Green Weddings are community projects themselves, featuring the talents and contributions of a wide network of friends and family. This emphasis on both the local and global community reflects the bride and grooms desire for the marriage itself to be a force for positive change. Wedding rings are a lasting and meaningful way for the bride and groom to express unique aspects of their commitment to each other, while at the same time embodying their spiritual, political, and environmental values. Conflict-Free diamonds, that is, diamonds certified as being mined and distributed free of bloodshed and oppression, are in ever greater demand. Celtic wedding rings, with a variety of organic and beautiful patterns and symbols, carry multifaceted spiritual and symbolic meaning. While the exchange of rings is of course a long-standing tradition, the variety and craftsmanship available today is unsurpassed, and many couples make certain the rings themselves incorporate, as a lifelong reminder, the values and meaning woven into their uniquely creative wedding ceremony. The most important thing when planning ones wedding is first and foremost, make it your day. Decide where you will compromise and where you will not compromise. Dont sweat the small stuff. Let go and celebrate the beginning of a new journey. Peter Breslin is a musician, astrologer, Tarot reader, teacher and freelance writer for Artisanweddingrings.com and Celticjewelry.com living in Santa Fe, New Mexico. He has taught mathematics, music, writing, and literature in the course of a 20-year teaching career in Pennsylvania, New York, New Mexico, and California. Writings include a variety of pieces for publications online and otherwise. He is currently at work on a novel. Reflective Images can be found at:http://www.artisanweddingrings.com http://www.celticjewelry.comFor a free full color catalog contact us at: marek@celticjewelry.com Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Peter_Breslin http://EzineArticles.com/?Creative-and-Alternative-Weddings&id=135568 calculate taxes from paycheck cash advance on lawsuit cash advance payday loans for the military personal loan no credit

By Joe Rote A couple with no specific physical abnormalities, that do everything right to conceive for a reasonable length of time without a positive result, can be considered to have a fertility problem. Many couples affected by infertility spend months or years of treatment for fertility problems without a positive outcome. Natural herbal remedies have come a long way since their ancient origins, and are making new strides every day, with remedies to increase fertility and enhance functioning of the male and female reproductive systems. Herbal remedies use botanicals (plants) either singularly or in compounds, and sometimes animal by-products to prevent and correct targeted conditions. Many new natural herbal products have been compounded to remedy infertility for example for: Females to: *Promote regular ovulation *Correct hormone imbalances *Regulate menstrual cycles *Increase libido Males to: *Improve the functioning of the (prostate, seminal vesicles, testes, and penis) *Increase, testosterone levels, sperm production and, motility *Enhance sex drive, and strengthen erections Stress, poor nutrition, bad habits such as smoking, over use of alcohol, and drug abuse, emotional and psychological problems, a number of prescription medicines, can all adversely affect fertility, and may require some lifestyle changes. Natural remedies optimize reproductive health without adding to the risks of multiple births, and many other problems of other approaches to overcoming infertility problems. A natural herbal remedy could be the answer to your problem. The FDA does not regulate the manufacturing of herbs, common sense and a little research can help assure that you are buying a quality product. Check the name of the manufacturer or distributor, and the facts label for, amount, daily usage values, and active ingredients. About the Author: Joe Rote has spent 18 years in the health field, and is the webmaster of http://www.aa1info.com that will point you to high quality information, and natural herbal remedies that are produced under pharmaceutical conditions to ensure the highest degree of potency and consistency. Copyright 2006 Joe Rote this article may be freely distributed if the resource box stays attached and no part of the article changed without permission Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Joe_Rote http://EzineArticles.com/?Infertility-and-Natural-Remedies&id=343714 bad credit school loan no fax pay day cash high risk 24252c000 no credit check signature loans paycheck loans ii

By Lori Feldman What is the most valuable asset your company owns? Inventory? Equipment? Employees? If youve got customers, your number one asset is your customer list. Youve heard the old adage, Its 5 times easier to sell an existing customer than to find a new one. Selling an existing customer is easy because youve got the right message at the right time going to the right customer. There are two proven ways to do this. First, you position yourself as the obvious expert and ask for your deserved referrals and for the next sale. Second, you practice solid customer relationship management and mine your database for all that its worth. The first way is passive and takes a really long time. The second way actively places you on your customers radar and keeps you top of mind for his next buying decision. But if your customer information resides in 10 different places, like your accounting software, Excel spreadsheets, little Post-It notes on your monitor and a PDA, youve greatly diminished or erased your ability to be there for your number one asset when hes ready to buy again. Take this 12-point true/false quiz to see if youre prepared to profit from your database. Give yourself 1 point for each true answer: 1. I collect complete contact information (name, address, phone numbers and email address) on every customer who buys from me 2. I collect complete contact information (name, address, phone numbers and email address) on everyone who inquires about my services 3. I keep all my contacts in a single database 4. I keep track of how each customer or prospect found me so I can duplicate my successes and thank my referral sources 5. I have an easy-to-use automated response tool to follow up with prospects before, during and after the sale so I never lose an opportunity because it fell through the cracks 6. I have an easy-to-use system to cross sell my customers on my other services because I track what they bought previously 7. I have a system to track opt-outs to my email campaigns so I can stay in CAN-SPAM compliance with my e-marketing 8. I can forecast my sales for the next week, month or quarter based on opportunities in my sales pipeline 9. I have a customer database clean-up plan to update my contact information at least once per year 10. I have an effective system for tracking open and closed customer service issues 11. I can download leads from my website and schedule a call back for myself in 1 hour or lesseveryday! 12. It takes me one hour or less to launch an important email campaign to my customers. What Your Score Means If you scored a 7 or less, youre working way too hard for business and leaving money on the table. Most likely, youre developing one account at a time instead of creating a sales process that can run on auto-pilot until someone is ready to buy from you. While thats certainly the way most of us were taught to get more business, and its been done like that for decades, its not a very efficient use of your time, or a very profitable way to spend your day, or much fun. If you scored an 8 or above, youre doing a great job of marketing to and reselling your existing customers. You should look for new sales opportunities with a targeted prospect list or try online advertising. Redouble your efforts with existing customers. Customers think of you as a trusted friend and treat your communications as information, not advertising. A good customer contact program includes 12-18 touches per year. Lori Feldman is president of Aviva, a mailing list and database marketing and Internet consulting firm and an ACT! Software Certified Consultant. She is this years Direct Marketer of the Year, awarded by the Direct Marketing Assn. of St. Louis. Reach her at http://www.avivallc.com Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Lori_Feldman http://EzineArticles.com/?Turbocharge-New-Sales-with-a-Marketing-Database&id=15981 unsecured loanand default refinance personal loans dallas bad credit small business loan credit cards no credit check

By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Natalie_Aranda]Natalie Aranda Smart phones are taking over the cell phone market, but which smart phone is the best? How do you know whether the Samsung blackjack is better than the Cingular 8525 or vice versa? The guidelines posted below will help you make the best decision when it comes to buying a smart phone. One thing you need to compare is global navigation. If you are trying to decide between the Blackberry Pearl and the Cingular 8525 then check out global navigation and see how easy it is to navigate the functions. You want it to be easy to go back and forth between functions in the phone and dont want to lose your place when checking on something else. As a result you want to make global navigation one of the top things to check when looking for a smart phone to buy. Another important aspect is ergonomics. You want a smart phone that is easy to hold and that has buttons that are easy to press and navigate. If the phone doesnt feel good in your hands and is not easy for you to maneuver and handle then you will eventually be fed up with the phone and simply frustrated. So, make sure you feel the phone in your hands and know up front how it feels before you make a purchase. You should also check on functionality of the device in regards to personalization. You want to be able to personalize your smart phone and have it work for you so this is also important to check out. Usability is another aspect and you should look very clearly at the graphics to see if they are clear and understandable to you. And, once you decide on one of the three phones mentioned above you will love that you can also buy Blackberry Pearl accessories, Cingular 8525 accessories, as well as Samsung blackjack accessories. No matter what you need for your smart phone you can find it online. The easiest thing is to just do a search for accessories for your particular smart phone and you will find all kinds of things to buy! Natalie Aranda writes about communications. Once you decide on one of the three phones mentioned above you will love that you can also buy [http://www.extremepda.com/page/XPDA/CTGY/blackberry_pearl_accessories]Blackberry Pearl accessories, Cingular 8525 accessories, as well as [http://www.extremepda.com/page/xpda/ctgy/samsung_blackjack_accessories]Samsung blackjack accessories. No matter what you need for your smart phone you can find it online. The easiest thing is to just do a search for accessories for your particular smart phone and you will find all kinds of things to buy! Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Natalie_Aranda http://EzineArticles.com/?How-to-Shop-for-the-Best-Smart-Phones&id=537139 personal loan use vehicle for collateral instant cash loans payday loan with multi payment plan quick cash advances with no fax

By Sheila Flitcroft Confusion Marketing - How they get you to buy more skincare products With new creams and ingredients being launched onto the market all the time, it can be confusing. Unless you’re in the position to spend hours on your skin care routine every day by using all of these different lotions, you’ll need to pick and choose which are right for you. 4 Skincare Products You Can’t Do Without Here’s a ‘foundation’ minimum that we recommend you use: Sunscreen: You NEED this. It’s essential for preventing sun damage and lowering your risk of developing skin cancer. If you use only one product, sunscreen should be it. A lotion with SPF 15 moisturizes, protects with SPF, and smoothes skin AHAS and vitamin C. Eye cream: The skin under your eyes is more delicate and dry than the skin on the rest of your face. Purchase an eye cream which treats the eye area with more emollient moisturizers. Face Cream With Retinols: Worried about wrinkles and pigmentation spots? A face cream with retinol is order of the day. Use it in place of your regular moisturizer after washing your face in the evening. Body lotion: A lotion with AHAs is recommended for your whole body. For dry spots put on extra lotion before bed and let it soak in while you are sleeping. A lot of people with sensitive skin have reverted to natural skin care solutions. Many people use natural skin care formulas to care for their skin at home. Article by Sheila Flitcroft of http://www.skincareproductinfo.com (The resource for skin care product information) Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Sheila_Flitcroft http://EzineArticles.com/?4-Skin-Care-Products-You-Should-Not-Be-Without&id=159951 renting an apartment with bad credit credit score needed to get a credit card bad credit visa how build credit scores in 30 days